Antibiotic Resistance: A Global Health Threat and Mitigation Strategies

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a pressing global health emergency, undermining the efficacy of life-saving treatments and contributing to increased mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs. Complex, interrelated factors, including the overuse of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture, inadequate stewardship, environmental contamination, and global mobility, drive the emergence and dissemination of resistant pathogens. This article synthesizes recent literature to examine the multidimensional nature of AR and evaluates effective mitigation strategies within the One Health framework. Interventions such as antibiotic stewardship programs, novel therapeutics, improved diagnostics, policy reforms, and public education are reviewed. The paper highlights the importance of coordinated global action, multidisciplinary collaboration, and sustainable practices to curb the rise of antimicrobial resistance.